《Civilizalion THE WEST and the REST》PDF+mobi+epub高清完整电子版

尼尔·弗格森（Niall Ferguson）提出，自15世纪以来，西方发展出六个强大的新理念，或称为“杀手级应用” （killer applications），赋予了西方社会竞争优势：1. 西方国家发展了政治和经济竞争机制；2.科学革命为西方提供了技术进步；3. 健全的法律体系保护了私人财产；4. 医学进步延长了寿命，改善了公共健康，5. 消费文化推动了经济活动和创新；6. 新教伦理强调纪律、节俭和责任感，弗格森指出，这些曾经由西方垄断的“杀手级应用”如今已被东亚等“其他地区”下载并实践。而与此同时，西方正在因为经济停滞、教育水平下降、过度监管和官僚主义、道德相对主义削弱了工作伦理等原因，逐渐失去其竞争优势。

Niall Ferguson argues that beginning in the fifteenth century, the West developed six powerful new concepts, or “killer applications”— that gave Western societies a competitive edge:: 1) Western states developed political and economic competition; 2) The Scientific Revolution provided the West with technological advances; 3) Strong legal systems ensured property rights; 4) Advances in medicine extended lifespans and improved public health; 5) The culture of consumption spurred economic activity and innovation; 6) The Protestant work ethic emphasized discipline, thrift, and a sense of duty. Ferguson shows how the Rest have now downloaded the killer apps the West once monopolized, while the West is losing its edge due to Economic stagnation; Declining educational standards; Over-regulation and bureaucracy; and Moral relativism undermining the work ethic.

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