罗伯特·D·帕特南（Robert D. Putnam）和谢琳·罗姆尼·加勒特（Shaylyn Romney Garrett）提出了一个“U 型曲线”来描述美国历史发展的轨迹：1）“镀金时代 （Gilded Age）”（19世纪末至20世纪初）：这一时期，美国社会表现出高度的不平等、政治腐败和极端个人主义； 2）“进步时代（Progressive Era）”（20世纪初至20世纪中期）：这一时期，美国转向更加注重社区和社会凝聚力的政策； 3）20世纪70年代起，美国开始急剧回归个人主义、经济不平等和政治极化—— 这在某种程度上标志着“新镀金时代”的到来。他们认为，当今美国可以借鉴“进步时代”的改革经验。它们包括“经济改革” —— 减少经济不平等，加强公共投资；推动更公平的社会发展; “政治复兴” —— 减少选区划分操控（gerrymandering）和黑金政治，加强公民参与； “社会重建” 和”文化转变”—— 摆脱极端个人主义。
Robert D. Putnam and Shaylyn Romney Garrett introduce a “U-shaped curve” to describe America’s historical trajectory: 1) The Gilded Age (late 1800s – early 1900s) marked by high inequality, political corruption, and extreme individualism; 2) The “Progressive Era” through the mid-20th century saw a shift toward community-minded policies and social cohesion; 3) Starting in the 1970s, the U.S. began a sharp return to individualism, economic inequality, and political polarization—essentially a new Gilded Age. They argue that the Progressive Era offers a model for how America can reverse its current trends. They include: Economic Reforms to reduce inequality and greater public investment; Political Renewal to reducing political gerrymandering and dark money in elections and encouraging civic participation; Social Reconnection and Cultural Shift away from radical individualism.
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未经允许不得转载：我的生活分享 » 《THE UPSWING How America Came Together a Century Ago and How We Can DO It Again》PDF+mobi+epub高清完整电子版
